1. Joseph Nicephore Niepce
2. Daguerreotypes are images fixed directly to a heavily polished sheet of silver-plated copper. This invention is what really made photography a practical reality – although it was still just an expensive curiosity to many people at this point. If you’ve never seen daguerreotypes in person, you might be surprised to know just how sharp they are.
3.he mainly took pictures of landscapes and natural scenes.
4. Shutter speed, Aperture, ISO

5. Matrix Metering,Center-weighted Metering,Spot Metering
6.trying to take a headshot of a person with the sun behind
7.if you were taking a picture of a person with the sun behind but they occupied a small part of the frame

8. Program (P), Shutter Priority (tv) or (S), Aperture Priority (Av) or (A), Manual (M)
9. In Shutter Priority you manually set the camera’s shutter speed and the camera automatically picks the right aperture for you in Aperture Priority you manually set the lens aperture, while the camera automatically picks the right shutter speed to properly expose the image.

10.In the early days of photography, every single lens was manual focus only.Autofocus is a comparatively new invention in the history of photography, first appearing on the market in 1977. Still, it’s an important one.
11.autofocus because most people don't wanna do the whole focusing phase.

12.when there's not enough light indoors to see the details in things.
13. at night or when your trying to get the good lighting. 

14. When you're starting out with video you'll want to put your camera on a steady tripod.
15. No because in order to get the best movie results, you'll want to find, learn, and experiment with all of it's video controls including manual focus.
16. 50% close-ups, 25% medium shots, 25% wide shots.

17.a tool to evaluate exposure on a digital image more precisely.
18.a histogram with the data showing mostly on the left is a “low-key” 
19.take an image and see the majority of the body of the graph toward the right, this means you have captured a “high-key”
20.data barely touches the left edge of the histogram. That would indicate clipping of the shadow detail.